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Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true? Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project. Gantt charts are network devices used for scheduling definition of user-based quality projects C. Gantt charts give a timeline and precedence relationships for each activity of a project D. Gantt charts use the four standard spines of Methods, Materials, Manpower, and Machinery.
Benchmarking requires the comparison of your firm to other organizations; it is not appropriate to benchmark by comparing one of your divisions to another of your divisions. Deming’s writings on quality tend to focus on the customer and on fitness for use, unlike Juran’s work that is oriented toward meeting specifications. D) if there is no other pattern in the samples, the process is in control.
OM CH 6: Managing Quality
Transformation is not restricted to apparent or physical transformation but also includes cognitive transcendence. Pareto charts are a graphical way of identifying the few critical items from the many less important ones. One of the ways that just-in-time influences quality is that by reducing inventory, bad quality is exposed.
This approach leads to a vertical or hierarchical ordering of quality. Products are raised according to the amount of ingredients or attributes that each possesses. However, an unambiguous ranking is possible only if the ingredients/attributes in question are considered preferable by all buyers. Quality has been the subject of many and varied definitions. Each definition has both strengths and weaknesses in relation to criteria such as measurement and generalizability, managerial usefulness and consumer relevance.
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A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) None of the above because quality has no impact on productivity (units/labor hr.). Security is the determinant of service quality that means freedom from danger, risk, or doubt. TQM is important because each of the ten decisions made by operations managers deals with some aspect of identifying and meeting customer expectations. This approach starts from the premise that quality ‘lies in the eyes of the beholder’.
We will investigate each of the five definitions of product quality in the following. There are different definitions of product quality. As you may realize in the following, quality has many facets and is more complex than it seems. In the simplest terms, quality is the capacity of a product or service to satisfy human wants.
Which of the following statements regarding “Six Sigma” is TRUE? A) The term has two distinct meanings-one is statistical; the other is a comprehensive quality system. B) Six Sigma means that about 94 percent of a firm’s output is free of defects. C) The Six Sigma program was developed by Toyota in the 1970s. D) The Six Sigma program is for manufacturing firms and is not applicable to services. E) Six Sigma certification is granted by the International Standards Organization .
Arnold Palmer Hospital uses which of the following quality management techniques? A) Pareto charts B) flowcharts C) benchmarking D) just-in-time E) The hospital uses all of the above techniques. The quality loss function indicates that costs related to poor quality are low as long as the product is within acceptable specification limits. Perfection- another way to phrase this is to have process consistency. This definition focuses on the importance of well defined specifications and transforms the ‘traditional’ idea of quality into something than can be achieved by all. Quality is one which confirms exactly to specification and whose output is free of defects at all times.
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C) Product liability transfers from the manufacturer to the retailer once the retailer accepts delivery of the product. D) Quality-be it good or bad-will show up in perceptions about a firm’s new products, employment practices, and supplier relations. E) Legislation such as the Consumer Product Safety Act sets and enforces product standards by banning products that do not reach those standards. Which of the following statements regarding Arnold Palmer Hospital is FALSE?
Of the several determinants of service quality, access is the one that relates to keeping customers informed in language they can understand. Conforming to standards is the focus of the product-based definition of quality. The definition of quality adopted by The American Society for Quality is a customer-oriented (i.e., user based) definition. A view of quality, wherein quality is the capacity to satisfy needs, wants and desires of the user.
- Buyers, in effect, use price as an index of quality as well as an index of the sacrifice that is made in purchasing it.
- A) The hospital uses a wide range of quality management techniques.
- Each definition has both strengths and weaknesses in relation to criteria such as measurement and generalizability, managerial usefulness and consumer relevance.
- Furthermore, customers may not be in a position to articulate their expectations due to a lack of knowledge and understanding.
- A) flexible pricing B) increased productivity C) lower rework and scrap costs D) lower warranty costs E) All of the above are aspects of reduced costs by quality improvements.
- C) Product liability transfers from the manufacturer to the retailer once the retailer accepts delivery of the product.
Consumers have specific wants or needs and those products that best meet their preferences are those that they view as having the highest quality. Source inspection is inferior to inspection before costly operations. Quality circles empower employees to improve productivity by finding solutions to work-related problems in their work area.
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Kaizen is similar to TQM in that both are focused on continuous improvement. Continuous improvement is based on the philosophy that any aspect of an operation can be improved. This issue offers insight on organizing project teams, fostering collaboration in hybrid work arrangements, and supporting employees through periods of high uncertainty. Buyers, in effect, use price as an index of quality as well as an index of the sacrifice that is made in purchasing it. Of course, price does not always reflect quality.
We will therefore in the following consider several more sophisticated definitions of product quality. Which of the following is FALSE regarding control charts? A) Values above the upper control limits imply that the product’s quality is exceeding expectations. B) Control charts are built so that new data can be quickly compared to past performance data.
A product or service that does not fulfill user needs is unlikely to find any users. This is a context dependent, contingent approach to quality since different business characteristics require different qualities of a product. Quality is mostly the business of the quality control staff, not ordinary employees. In contrast to quality as absolute, the value-based approach regards quality as relative to price.
The Manufacturing-based Approach
It is a holistic concept that has two ideas, i.e. quality is ‘consistency’ and quality is ‘fitness for purpose’. These two ideas are brought together to create quality as perfection https://globalcloudteam.com/ with the context of quality culture. Transformative- the transformative view of quality is rooted in the notion of ‘qualitative change’, a fundamental change of form.
As human wants are complex and may not be satisfied in a specific way, each user of the product or service makes their own assessment of what quality means to them. “Making it right the first time” is the focus of the user-based definition of quality. E) All of the above are techniques for employee empowerment.
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A) The hospital uses a wide range of quality management techniques. B) The culture of quality at the hospital includes employees at all levels. C) The hospital scores very highly in national studies of patient satisfaction. D) The hospital’s high quality is measured by low readmission rates, not patient satisfaction. E) The design of patient rooms, even wall colors, reflects the hospital’s culture of quality.
Ice is transformed into water and eventually steam if it experiences increase of temperature. While the increase in temperature can be measured the transformation involves a qualitative change. Ice has different qualities to that of steam and water.
The reason is that expectations can also be highly varied, and personal, which can be problematic. Furthermore, customers may not be in a position to articulate their expectations due to a lack of knowledge and understanding. The emphasis in the product-based approach is on quality as a precise and measurable variable. Any differences that do occur reflect differences in the quantity of some ingredient or attribute possessed by a product.
User-Based Quality
Which of the following is not an aspect of reduced costs by quality improvements? A) flexible pricing B) increased productivity C) lower rework and scrap costs D) lower warranty costs E) All of the above are aspects of reduced costs by quality improvements. Companies with the highest levels of quality are how many times more productive than their competitors with the lowest quality levels?